Digital platforms that rely on AI, big data and distributed data sources live or die by their business model. Technology alone is never enough: value must be created for multiple stakeholders, captured in a sustainable way, and governed in line with European data and AI policies. EFRA (Extreme Food Risk Analytics) provides a concrete example of how a Horizon Europe project can move from generic canvases to a specialised, collaborative business model tailored to data spaces and high‑stakes domains like food safety.

This contribution outlines how EFRA’s business models have evolved and distils a set of “best fit” models for similar AI‑driven platforms in agri‑food and other regulated sectors.

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